Thermal & Fire Safety Systems: Air conditioning/liquid cooling modules, fire detection, and suppression devices are critical safety investments. Learn how advanced technologies, operational optimizations, and smart financial models help reduce capital expenditures (CapEx) and operational expenses (OpEx) for battery storage projects. This guide also. . DOE's Energy Storage Grand Challenge supports detailed cost and performance analysis for a variety of energy storage technologies to accelerate their development and deployment The U. As technological advancements and regulatory changes continue to reshape the market, it becomes. . This report is available at no cost from NREL at www. Cole, Wesley, Vignesh Ramasamy, and Merve Turan. Cost Projections for Utility-Scale Battery Storage: 2025 Update. The project team would like to acknowledge the support, guidance, and management of Paul Spitsen from the DOE Office of Strategic Analysis, ESGC Policy. .