While solar panels generate DC electricity, the grid operates using AC (alternating current) electricity. An inverter is needed to convert the electricity so that it can be used by the grid. . A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy. PV systems can also be installed in grid-connected or off-grid (stand-alone) configurations. Whether you're considering a grid-tied system, an off-grid setup, or just curious about how solar power works, this. . Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. Below, you can find resources and information on the. .