— This paper develops and compares two control schemes in the application control layer of a non-phase-locked loop (non-PLL) grid-forming (GFM) inverter to gain insight and understanding into how the two schemes affect the dynamic responses of GFM inverters and the. . — This paper develops and compares two control schemes in the application control layer of a non-phase-locked loop (non-PLL) grid-forming (GFM) inverter to gain insight and understanding into how the two schemes affect the dynamic responses of GFM inverters and the. . — This paper develops and compares two control schemes in the application control layer of a non-phase-locked loop (non-PLL) grid-forming (GFM) inverter to gain insight and understanding into how the two schemes affect the dynamic responses of GFM inverters and the transition operation of. . Although droop control and VSG control each have distinct benefits, neither can fully meet the diverse, dynamic needs of both grid-connected (GC) and islanded (IS) modes. Additionally, the coupling between active and reactive power can negatively impact microgrids' dynamic performance and. . Many modern sustainable buildings incorporate large-scale PV systems, typically involving multiple solar inverters connected to a common point, forming a PV inverter-based microgrid.