Our cutting-edge research focuses on boosting solar cell conversion efficiencies; lowering the cost of solar cells, modules, and systems; and improving the reliability of PV components and systems. NLR's photovoltaic research is supported by the National Center for. . NLR works to advance the state of the art across the full spectrum of photovoltaic (PV) research and development for diverse applications. Three ML models, including catboost, XGboost, and random forest, are ensebmled. The past data collected for analysis can be categorized mainly into mathematical model. . The performance of photovoltaic systems (PV) in northern conditions has been measured at the University of Oulu with two research infrastructure comprised of a total of 40 solar panels, including a unique panel carousel system on the roof of the Linnanmaa campus for research purposes. The efficiency of these panels is significantly influenced by factors such as their angle of inclination, which can be optimized based on geographic location.