As a key renewable energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) trade also suffers from large-scale trade frictions. China, as the largest solar PV manufacturer and exporter, accounts for 80 % of the global supply chain. Under this background, this paper takes China as a case, to assess the impacts of trade frictions on PV trades.
The trade data of global PV products and China PV products from 2009 to 2023 are from the International Trade Centre (ITC) and China Customs Statistical Database (CCSD), with that of China PV products in 2023, which are not updated in time by ITC supplemented with CCSD.
Among them, Brazil is the largest initiator, which initiates 19 trade frictions events against China's PV products through import tariffs, and the corresponding policy measures are targeted at all firms in economic activities.
Public procurement and localization As for trade frictions of public procurement and localization, there are 56 events of such non-tariff trade frictions against China's PV products in 2009–2023, involving 9 kinds of interventions from India, the US, Brazil, South Africa, Russia, Australia, Ukraine, and Italy.
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